Treatment Of Psychological Disorders Essay Example for Free

Treatment Of Psychological Disorders EssayPsychotherapy is a branch with which the long- damage and the healer work together to help the patient of deal with his/her genial difficulties in a more than than positive way which in turn would lessen the difficulty of psychological problem (Morris Maisto, 2003). Not all people with psychological problems assay psychotherapy however those who do aside of their hold volition be more likely to be victorful in therapy. However, there atomic number 18 psychological disorders that needs more than psychotherapy and a lot would use up hospitalization, of which treatment would be more of helping the patient regain his/her ability to function normally with forth the need for primary care and hospitalization, although medication and psychotherapy has to be continued as a long-term treatment. Different methods of psychotherapy have been loosely categorized into brainstorm therapies and behavioural therapies. Insight therapies is composed of several methods wit different perspectives on psychological difficulties that administer the aforesaid(prenominal) rationale that man would be more competent to deal with his/her difficulties if he/she is more adapted to understand why he/she smacks, thinks and behaves in such ways (Nairne, 2006). This group assumes that a mortal develops emotional, mental and relationship problems if he/she does non know and understand what motivate him/her in situations that are anxiety producing, contrast and threatening. Specific approaches that belong to this group include psychoanalysis, gestalt therapy, person-centered and existential therapy.One whitethorn in like manner argue that perceptiveness therapy is geared towards mans need to be aware of his/her intimate self, hence the so called sagacity to human motivation, emotion, desires, needs and thoughts. On the other hand, the behavioural therapies are made up of cognitive mienal therapies, rational-emotive beha vior therapy, and behavior therapy with the application of conditioning and modeling, and biofeedback. This other group at the opposite continuum from insight therapy says that a person nonify be able to deal with his/her difficulties if he/she is given the means with which to modify his/her behavior.Thus, therapy would be focused on teaching patients specific behaviors that would enable them to cope and deal with their psychological problems, this type of therapy are more c one timerned with treating symptoms than finding out the underlying causal agent of the problem. The difference between insight and behavioral therapy is that insight therapy is concerned with identifying and understanding the underlying cause of their problems while behavioral therapy contend that causes are not important but kinda therapy should be concentrated on modifying behavior (Nairne, 2006).Like the nature and value debate, it has now been agreed that not one perspective can be accounted for the su ccess of the therapy sessions, but rather some cases require that the underlying cause be unearthed while other cases can be heady without the need for determining the cause of the problems. It can be assumed that the need for discovering the causes of the psychological problem lies in its usefulness to the therapeutic process. The therapeutic process of whatever tradition or perspective unendingly require that the therapist and invitee share a relationship characterized by trust, openness, honesty and the absence of bias and criticisms (Myers, 2004). It can be argued that within this form of relationship, the leaf node is bound to share with his/her therapist his/her life story and inner most thoughts which would withal lead to the therapists better understanding of the clients predicaments and issues. The need to find out the cause of problematic behavior depends on the clients honesty and the therapists personal philosophy, if for example a person who is hapless from clini cal depression is in therapy using the psychoanalytic approach, then the design would be to find out the previous hears that would indicate the patients predisposition to depression and hence be able to identify the cause of the depression.To the psychoanalyst, it is always something in the yesteryear or in the childhood or traumatic events that cause the depression, a modern event whitethorn only be the trigger (Myers, 2004). To the behaviorist, therapy would be geared towards the change in behavior that would lessen the impact of depressive emotions and thoughts, like the patient is taught ways in which he/she could off off from dispirit situations, to move away from the place or source of depression and to teach methods to eliminate the depression by coaching and goal setting (Myers, 2004). However, behaviorists have also discovered that merely changing the behavior is not enough to treat the patient or to effectively prevent the recurrence of depressive symptoms just bec ause the patient knows how to declaim his/her emotions, thus the need for finding the cause of the depression.If the cause of depression is a recent divorce, then the therapist can use this information to guide the behavior modification strategies that he/she uses. Like specifically providing the patient with statistics and studies of how depression after a divorce is very common and how other people have keep abreast out of that depression. To the psychoanalyst, depression brought about by the divorce could come from a deeper personal traumatic experience like being left by a parent or having to lose someone tragically.Thus, the cause is actually the difficulty of the patient to respond to the sense of exhalation that one determines after a divorce. If the objective of the therapy was to remove the patient from a state of depression, then behavior therapy has no need for the underlying cause, but if the therapy is to enable the patient to recognize his/her emotional wounds and to be aware means that one is more able to positively deal with it, then the cause of the depression is very important.ReferencesMorris, C. Maisto, A. (2003). Understanding Psychology, 6th ed. New island of Jersey Prentice Hall.Myers, D. (2004). Psychology 7th ed. New York Worth Publishers.Nairne, J. (2006). Psychology The Adaptive Mind. California Wadsworth/Thompson.Discussion emergence 2Client-centered therapy developed in the late 1940s by Carl Rogers is based on the assumption that the exclusive is the best expert on himself or herself and that people are capable of working out solutions to their declare problems (Corey, 2005). The t carry of the therapist is to facilitate this progress not to ask probing questions, to make interpretations or to advise courses of actions. In fact, Rogers (1980) preferred the term facilitator to therapist and he called the people he worked with as clients not as patients because he did not view emotional difficulties as an indication of an illness to be cured.The therapist facilitates the clients progress towards self-insight by restating to the client what the therapist hears the client saying about his needs and emotions in order to help the client clarify his/her feelings. Rogers believed that the most important qualities for a therapist are empathy, ardor and genuineness. Empathy refers to the ability to understand the feelings the client is trying to express and the ability to communicate this understanding to the client. The therapist moldiness adopt the clients frame of reference and must strive to see the problems as the client sees them. By warmth, Rogers (1980) meant a deep acceptance of the individual as he or she is, including the execration that this person has the capacity to deal constructively with his/her problems.A therapist who is genuine is open and honest and does not find a role or operate behind a professional faade (Sue Sue, 2003). People are reluctant to reveal themselves to those they per ceive as phony. Rogers believed that a therapist who possesses this attributes go out facilitate the clients growth and self-exploration. Rogers was the first to make tape recordings of therapy sessions and to permit them to be studied and analyzed. He and his colleagues have contributed much(prenominal) to the field of psychotherapy research.Client centered therapy has some limitations, like psychoanalysis it appears to be successful with individuals who are fairly verbal and who are motivated to discuss their problems. For people who do not voluntarily seek help or who are seriously disturbed and are unable to discuss their feelings more leading methods are usually necessary. In addition, by using the clients self-reports as the only vizor pf psychotherapeutic effectiveness, the client-centered therapist ignores behavior outside of the therapy session. Individuals who feel insecure and ineffective in their interpersonal relationships often need more structured help in modifyin g their behavior.Since Freuds time, numerous forms of psychotherapy based on Freudian concepts have developed. They share in common the premise that mental disorders stem from unconscious conflicts and fears but they differ from classical psychoanalysis in a number of ways and are usually called psychoanalytic therapies (Corey, 2005). Ego analysts placed greater emphasis on the role of the rational, problem soling ego in directional behavior and correspondingly less emphasis on the role of the unconscious sexual and aggressive drives. They sought-after(a) to strengthen the functions of the ego in particular self-esteem and feelings of competency so that the individual could deal more constructively with current anxieties and interpersonal relationships.Their general strategy was to give the client insight into how the past continues to ferment the invest and to develop the clients awareness of what he/she can do in the present to correct the harmful effects of the past. The techn ique of psychoanalytic therapy is also different from the classical free association and dream analysis. The therapy sessions are usually briefer, more flexible and less intense (Sue Sue, 2003). Sessions are scheduled once a week, there is less emphasis on the complete reconstruction of childhood experiences and more anxiety to problems arising from the way the individual is currently interacting with others.Free association is often replaced with a direct tidings of unfavorable issues and the psychoanalytic therapist may be more direct, raising pertinent topics when it seems appropriate rather than postponement for the client to bring them up. While transference is still considered an important part of the therapeutic process, the therapist may limit the intensity of the transference feelings. Still central however is the psychoanalytic therapists conviction that unconscious motives and fears are at the core of the most emotional problems and that insight and the working thro ugh process are essential to a cure.Almost everyone gets gloomy at times. Most of us have periods when we feel sad, lethargic and not interested in any activities-even pleasurable ones. Depression is a normal reaction to many of lifes stresses. Among the situations that most often precipitate depression are failure at school, or at work, the loss of a loved one and the realization that illness or senescence is depleting ones resources. Depression is considered abnormal only when it is out of proportion to the event and continues past the burden at which most people begin to recover.Although depression is characterized as a mood disorder, there are actually four sets of symptoms there are emotional cognitive, motivational and physical symptoms (Myers, 2004). An individual need not have all of these symptoms to be diagnosed as depressed but the more symptoms the patient has or the more intense they are the more certain we can be that the individual is suffering from depression.Sadn ess and can are the most salient emotional symptoms in depression. The individual feels hopeless and unhappy, often has crying spells and may contemplate suicide. The cognitive symptoms consist primarily of negative thoughts depressed individuals tend to have low self-esteem, feel inadequate and blame themselves for their failures. Motivation is at low ebb in depression, the depressed person tends to be passive and has difficulty initiating activities. The physical symptoms include changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, fatigue and loss of energy.The client-centered therapist in the treatment of depression would be limited to communicating to the client that he/she is accepted for whatever thoughts, emotions, deficiency of motivation and physical state he/she is at the moment as a person meritorious to be heard and assured of unconditional positive regard. The client-centered therapist involves the client in a overlap of his/her thoughts without the prodding and the leading bu t through the use of paraphrasing. With this method, the client is able to recognize what are the emotional, mental, motivational and physical symptoms he/she is experiencing.This would enable the client to become aware and recognize that his/her emotional reactions may be too intense, his/her self-esteem may be too low for his/her good, and that his/her body may be suffering from his/her own slavery to depression. The sessions would be geared towards the clients discovery of his/her symptoms and in the process also realize how futile his/her actions are and that the therapists empathy, warmth and genuiness tells the client that here is someone who will accept me for what I am and that he/she should strive to come out of depression because someone do sincerely care for them.This example is what Rogers believed to be the facilitation of healing and self-awareness in the part of the client. The psychoanalytic therapist interprets depression as a reaction to loss, whatever the nature o f the loss maybe. The depressed person reacts to the loss intensely because it brings back all the fears of an earlier loss at childhood. Moreover, the reaction to loss is complicated by the persons anger at the deserting person which comes out as self-blame and feelings of worthlessness. The psychoanalytic therapist also believes that the depressed person has very low self-esteem and self-worth.Thus, the therapist engages the client in a discussion of his/her current emotions, thoughts and internal conflicts. This can be done through the use of probing and leading questions which ask the client to describe or talk about his/her feelings at the moment. From then on, the therapist would observe and take note of the emotions and thoughts of the patient and have the client look back at his/her past experiences that had evoked the same feeling and thoughts he/she is having at present.The client is also asked to identify what triggered that emotion and then have the client realize that h e/she is exhibiting behaviors that are similar to that of a depressed person. Sometimes people who are depressed do not admit that they are depressed, and this is where the therapist must focus on for it is necessary for the success of the therapy. When the previous experience has been identified, the therapist then proceeds to help the client accept what occurred in the past and that the client can now face the present with a deeper understanding of his/her own emotions.ReferencesCorey, G. (2005). Theory and answer of counseling and psychotherapy 7th ed. CaliforniaThomson Learning (Brooks/Cole).Myers, D. (2004). Psychology 7th ed. New York Worth Publishers.Rogers, C. (1980). A Way of Being. Boston Houghton Mifflin.Sue, D. W. Sue, D. (2003). Counseling the culturally diverse Theory and practice 4th ed.New York Wiley.